{"id":2666,"date":"2025-07-17T04:46:04","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T04:46:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/villafarnesina.it\/historic-gardens\/"},"modified":"2026-01-27T10:27:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T10:27:54","slug":"historic-gardens","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/en\/historic-gardens\/","title":{"rendered":"Historic Gardens"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-48qyt-6c6c4e14f1fcf2a640259a6dde1979c5 main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  av-medium-hide av-small-hide av-mini-hide avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-100 av-height-100  container_wrap fullsize'   data-av_minimum_height_pc='100' data-av_min_height_opt='100'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2666'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1b5nl-0fdf2348346e6df6e01fb83a0489d421\">\n#top .flex_column.av-1b5nl-0fdf2348346e6df6e01fb83a0489d421{\nmargin-top:50px;\nmargin-bottom:50px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-1b5nl-0fdf2348346e6df6e01fb83a0489d421{\nmargin-top:50px;\nmargin-bottom:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1b5nl-0fdf2348346e6df6e01fb83a0489d421 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-me923fvs-4ad86f3a8bc39d24738eb4788b33bb73\">\n.avia-image-container.av-me923fvs-4ad86f3a8bc39d24738eb4788b33bb73 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-me923fvs-4ad86f3a8bc39d24738eb4788b33bb73 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-me923fvs-4ad86f3a8bc39d24738eb4788b33bb73 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-2  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2650 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2650 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_207.jpg\" alt='' title='Villa Farnesina Raffaello&#039;s Frescoes'  height=\"207\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_207.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_207-300x32.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_207-1030x111.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_207-768x83.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_207-1536x166.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_207-1500x162.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_207-705x76.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-14g55-56cb59b76af2df88d6fb44362dd4cfe6\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-14g55-56cb59b76af2df88d6fb44362dd4cfe6{\nheight:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-14g55-56cb59b76af2df88d6fb44362dd4cfe6 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_heading '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mkvjqqcw-28300797f7ad19d6713e09557609ec9e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-mkvjqqcw-28300797f7ad19d6713e09557609ec9e{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#000000;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-mkvjqqcw-28300797f7ad19d6713e09557609ec9e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-mkvjqqcw-28300797f7ad19d6713e09557609ec9e .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#000000;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-mkvjqqcw-28300797f7ad19d6713e09557609ec9e .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-mkvjqqcw-28300797f7ad19d6713e09557609ec9e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-wrap:before{\nborder-color:#000000;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-mkvjqqcw-28300797f7ad19d6713e09557609ec9e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-wrap:after{\nborder-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mkvjqqcw-28300797f7ad19d6713e09557609ec9e av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >HISTORICAL GARDENS<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><div class='flex_column_table av-1zgkt-9ecaf9ddd6931a7d33196d5eeb21fc50 sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1zgkt-9ecaf9ddd6931a7d33196d5eeb21fc50\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-1zgkt-9ecaf9ddd6931a7d33196d5eeb21fc50{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:100px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-1zgkt-9ecaf9ddd6931a7d33196d5eeb21fc50{\nwidth:47.75%;\nmargin-left:0;\n}\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-1zgkt-9ecaf9ddd6931a7d33196d5eeb21fc50 .av-flex-placeholder{\nwidth:4.5%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1zgkt-9ecaf9ddd6931a7d33196d5eeb21fc50 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-animated-generic left-to-right  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mj8gek8e-81e22e9deaea59d9309b3090fff413bf\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-mj8gek8e-81e22e9deaea59d9309b3090fff413bf{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-mj8gek8e-81e22e9deaea59d9309b3090fff413bf .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-mj8gek8e-81e22e9deaea59d9309b3090fff413bf .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mj8gek8e-81e22e9deaea59d9309b3090fff413bf av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-6  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Agostino Chigi\u2019s Renaissance Garden<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mj8ggcci-2cf1636f72b2f197c975b71206776309\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-mj8ggcci-2cf1636f72b2f197c975b71206776309{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-mj8ggcci-2cf1636f72b2f197c975b71206776309 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-me920ubu-40cca90952893b402dd0263276747527 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>La villa suburbana del banchiere senese Agostino Chigi, detto il \u201cMagnifico\u201d (1466-1520), esempio significativo della cultura rinascimentale, corrispose al gusto del proprietario di possedere <strong>una dimora lontana dai clamori dell\u2019Urbe<\/strong>, immersa nel verde.<\/p>\n<p>Nel Cinquecento la Villa era circondata da <strong>un meraviglioso viridarium<\/strong> la cui composizione si collegava armoniosamente con le stesse forme architettoniche della villa attraverso i due avancorpi laterali della facciata del fabbricato, con le <strong>festose decorazioni floreali della Loggia di Amore e Psiche<\/strong>, opera di Giovanni da Udine.<\/p>\n<p>Le straordinarie <strong>rappresentazioni di piante del Nuovo Mondo<\/strong>, quali il mais, gli zucchini, la zucca maggiore e quella muschiata, il fagiolo comune, piante officinali, piante da frutto, ma anche specie ornamentali ed esotiche furono realizzate con l\u2019<strong>intento di stupire e di suscitare l\u2019ammirazione del visitatore<\/strong> e per mostrare agli ospiti, dignitari della corte pontificia, e allo stesso pontefice, la magnificenza e la raffinatezza del proprietario <strong>Chigi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-19h5t-58bdf49c2f64078ef06a0874eef410d2\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-19h5t-58bdf49c2f64078ef06a0874eef410d2{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:100px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-19h5t-58bdf49c2f64078ef06a0874eef410d2{\nwidth:47.75%;\nmargin-left:0;\n}\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-19h5t-58bdf49c2f64078ef06a0874eef410d2 .av-flex-placeholder{\nwidth:4.5%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-19h5t-58bdf49c2f64078ef06a0874eef410d2 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-animated-generic right-to-left  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2w0kh-1dc997b2039ecfb0fb069e17be8ac6f5\">\n.avia-image-container.av-2w0kh-1dc997b2039ecfb0fb069e17be8ac6f5 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-2w0kh-1dc997b2039ecfb0fb069e17be8ac6f5 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-2w0kh-1dc997b2039ecfb0fb069e17be8ac6f5 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-10  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-1782 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-1782 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_01.jpg\" alt='' title='Villa Farnesina Giardini Storici'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_01.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_01-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_01-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_01-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div class='flex_column_table av-1d3sl-6af95ce196d870e7a769602507aa9200 sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1d3sl-6af95ce196d870e7a769602507aa9200\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-1d3sl-6af95ce196d870e7a769602507aa9200{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:100px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-1d3sl-6af95ce196d870e7a769602507aa9200{\nwidth:47.75%;\nmargin-left:0;\n}\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-1d3sl-6af95ce196d870e7a769602507aa9200 .av-flex-placeholder{\nwidth:4.5%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1d3sl-6af95ce196d870e7a769602507aa9200 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-animated-generic left-to-right  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-xvn9-d0ed530d2df64332f4777b241d3cc80f\">\n.avia-image-container.av-xvn9-d0ed530d2df64332f4777b241d3cc80f img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-xvn9-d0ed530d2df64332f4777b241d3cc80f .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-xvn9-d0ed530d2df64332f4777b241d3cc80f av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-12  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2651 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2651 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080.jpg\" alt='' title='Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-nzbh-32cf33ad9b45ee0f5c9734179f1da5d9\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-nzbh-32cf33ad9b45ee0f5c9734179f1da5d9{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:100px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-nzbh-32cf33ad9b45ee0f5c9734179f1da5d9{\nwidth:47.75%;\nmargin-left:0;\n}\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-nzbh-32cf33ad9b45ee0f5c9734179f1da5d9 .av-flex-placeholder{\nwidth:4.5%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-nzbh-32cf33ad9b45ee0f5c9734179f1da5d9 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-animated-generic right-to-left  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mj8gr64q-938a43a523f6cc17c6dab8ac602912cb\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-mj8gr64q-938a43a523f6cc17c6dab8ac602912cb{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-mj8gr64q-938a43a523f6cc17c6dab8ac602912cb .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-mj8gr64q-938a43a523f6cc17c6dab8ac602912cb .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mj8gr64q-938a43a523f6cc17c6dab8ac602912cb av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-14  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >The Secret Garden and the Formal Garden<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1gsqp-394f2b85bd869bf9383d149932b30a23\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1gsqp-394f2b85bd869bf9383d149932b30a23{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-1gsqp-394f2b85bd869bf9383d149932b30a23 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-me8yn0u3-b057b4a644a54aa2e03fa887f8d3ae38 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Today only a small strip of the northern part of the garden remains, while at the back of the Villa (south side, where the entrance is now) one accesses the &#8220;<strong>secret garden<\/strong>&#8221; inspired by the <strong>sixteenth-century hortus conclusus<\/strong>, separated, by means of a high hedge, from the &#8220;<strong>formal garden<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>The latter extends southward to a section of the <strong>Aurelian Walls<\/strong> which constitutes one of the few remains of the wall circuit that stood on the right bank of the Tiber, whose side toward the river was lost in the late nineteenth-century renovation works.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div class='flex_column_table av-22y71-e25b99c447551f4d5be7536bced3702f sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-22y71-e25b99c447551f4d5be7536bced3702f\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-22y71-e25b99c447551f4d5be7536bced3702f{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-22y71-e25b99c447551f4d5be7536bced3702f av_one_half  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-animated-generic left-to-right  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mj8gfpsi-60ebb14b19fac5f4eac8a1ad8c295604\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-mj8gfpsi-60ebb14b19fac5f4eac8a1ad8c295604{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-mj8gfpsi-60ebb14b19fac5f4eac8a1ad8c295604 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-mj8gfpsi-60ebb14b19fac5f4eac8a1ad8c295604 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mj8gfpsi-60ebb14b19fac5f4eac8a1ad8c295604 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-18  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Between restoration, botany and archaeological finds<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-r4ih-4f0c047e0a6835ca74709513f718edf4\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-r4ih-4f0c047e0a6835ca74709513f718edf4{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-r4ih-4f0c047e0a6835ca74709513f718edf4 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mfwa76fu-ab3699f6bac0bfc2a8e2f029f93e5347 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>After a careful <strong>restoration intervention<\/strong>, tree specimens have found their home according to the <strong>eighteenth-nineteenth century arrangement<\/strong>: pines and some cypresses, the laurel grove \u2013 which constitutes, perhaps, the most ancient pre-existence \u2013 useful and ornamental species (roses, quinces, medlars, farnesiana acacia, Constantinople acacia, collection citrus fruits, cherry trees, holm oaks, antique camellias), some shrub species mentioned in archival documents, such as <em>Myrtus communis<\/em>, <em>Cornus mas<\/em>, <em>Berberis<\/em>, as well as perennial herbaceous plants and bulbs such as <em>Viola odorata<\/em> in ancient varieties, <em>Lilium<\/em>, <em>Hyacinthus<\/em> and <em>Iris<\/em> that compose the varied and colorful border along the ancient Farnesian wall.<\/p>\n<p>A small collection of <strong>archaeological artifacts<\/strong>, <strong>sarcophagi<\/strong>, <strong>capitals<\/strong> and <strong>statues used as decorative elements<\/strong>, contributes to testifying to the <strong>ancient opulence<\/strong> of an environment rich in surprising pleasantness, in the heart of <strong>Trastevere<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1js5d-e5e732f64af0d11a07c4fc3bbe9e1b8d\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-1js5d-e5e732f64af0d11a07c4fc3bbe9e1b8d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1js5d-e5e732f64af0d11a07c4fc3bbe9e1b8d av_one_half  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-animated-generic right-to-left  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-tl8x-e863897e7f9465e03e36077fb4354ca9\">\n.avia-image-container.av-tl8x-e863897e7f9465e03e36077fb4354ca9 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-tl8x-e863897e7f9465e03e36077fb4354ca9 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-tl8x-e863897e7f9465e03e36077fb4354ca9 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-22  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2652 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2652 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg\" alt='' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='mappa_giardini_storici'  class='avia-section av-p33e1-fbb02647363a4ee6550940ba4d8dc779 header_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  av-medium-hide av-small-hide av-mini-hide avia-bg-style-scroll av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-100 av-height-100  container_wrap fullsize'   data-av_minimum_height_pc='100' data-av_min_height_opt='100'><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2666'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-nxyg5-19a8473dae5f609f748aa6d133a83094\">\n#top .flex_column.av-nxyg5-19a8473dae5f609f748aa6d133a83094{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-nxyg5-19a8473dae5f609f748aa6d133a83094{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-nxyg5-19a8473dae5f609f748aa6d133a83094 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-24  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2c09x-4ed502bf1b9897531ae80634a1c20845\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-2c09x-4ed502bf1b9897531ae80634a1c20845{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-2c09x-4ed502bf1b9897531ae80634a1c20845 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2c09x-4ed502bf1b9897531ae80634a1c20845 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2c09x-4ed502bf1b9897531ae80634a1c20845 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-25  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >A journey through history, art and nature in the gardens and outdoor spaces of Villa Farnesina.<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mq4ld-4b5455b1b125ac9e400bd8b44370fad1 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Walking through the avenues and buildings surrounding Villa Farnesina means taking <strong>a journey through different eras and atmospheres<\/strong>: from ancient Roman walls to <strong>secret Renaissance gardens<\/strong>, from <strong>botanical collections<\/strong> to <strong>contemporary artworks<\/strong>, from <strong>historic architecture<\/strong> to <strong>archaeological artifacts<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Each stop holds stories of illustrious figures, urban transformations and memories that interweave the life of the Villa with that of Rome.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lsokx-24268a527dccb31c438200fe3293d593\">\n#top .flex_column.av-lsokx-24268a527dccb31c438200fe3293d593{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:100px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-lsokx-24268a527dccb31c438200fe3293d593{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:100px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-lsokx-24268a527dccb31c438200fe3293d593 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-animated-generic fade-in  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-sub-av-l1121-2858255d3e8ad804fe4b584eccd877b1\">\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-khg71-eb84be1be17fcc256a46233648ea4894{\ntop:36.9%;\nleft:24%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-khg71-eb84be1be17fcc256a46233648ea4894 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-khg71-eb84be1be17fcc256a46233648ea4894 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-jrxwp-1ff1b54ffaa42692442f1aaf8c1a6008{\ntop:33.8%;\nleft:40.1%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-jrxwp-1ff1b54ffaa42692442f1aaf8c1a6008 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-jrxwp-1ff1b54ffaa42692442f1aaf8c1a6008 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-jedmx-119f4d63b21def2ed61b8fd3c8c272e3{\ntop:51.9%;\nleft:68.9%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-jedmx-119f4d63b21def2ed61b8fd3c8c272e3 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-jedmx-119f4d63b21def2ed61b8fd3c8c272e3 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-iruu1-bb4d1ffbfa018a50f9a368de66555d5c{\ntop:70%;\nleft:53.7%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-iruu1-bb4d1ffbfa018a50f9a368de66555d5c .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-iruu1-bb4d1ffbfa018a50f9a368de66555d5c .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1u3ah-9e929e0b6aa01f72ba41124086f63022{\ntop:57.5%;\nleft:58.6%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1u3ah-9e929e0b6aa01f72ba41124086f63022 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1u3ah-9e929e0b6aa01f72ba41124086f63022 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-hmt4t-208e56bc7f5ba44abcf9f21a5b8371da{\ntop:49.4%;\nleft:59.2%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-hmt4t-208e56bc7f5ba44abcf9f21a5b8371da .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-hmt4t-208e56bc7f5ba44abcf9f21a5b8371da .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-h19qx-a8d808df66d7edc83e6df96a07e339f8{\ntop:73.2%;\nleft:75.9%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-h19qx-a8d808df66d7edc83e6df96a07e339f8 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-h19qx-a8d808df66d7edc83e6df96a07e339f8 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ggcl1-abb15cda0d035d62140e5c47374f8101{\ntop:57.4%;\nleft:97.2%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ggcl1-abb15cda0d035d62140e5c47374f8101 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ggcl1-abb15cda0d035d62140e5c47374f8101 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-fwrq1-73ec1753b5aafaed6f37da28b08034b4{\ntop:78.2%;\nleft:90.4%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-fwrq1-73ec1753b5aafaed6f37da28b08034b4 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-fwrq1-73ec1753b5aafaed6f37da28b08034b4 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-f3k99-e94ed2e45c4d062c9b27f4a30ed83650{\ntop:55.7%;\nleft:77.4%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-f3k99-e94ed2e45c4d062c9b27f4a30ed83650 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-f3k99-e94ed2e45c4d062c9b27f4a30ed83650 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ehv5t-51159b0db1c2dcb092ec69ec0090e8e9{\ntop:88.2%;\nleft:84.8%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ehv5t-51159b0db1c2dcb092ec69ec0090e8e9 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-ehv5t-51159b0db1c2dcb092ec69ec0090e8e9 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-hotspot-image-container av-l1121-2858255d3e8ad804fe4b584eccd877b1  avia-builder-el-28  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-hotspot-blank av-close-on-click-tooltip avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible fade-in av-mobile-fallback-active  av-non-fullwidth-hotspot-image'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='av-hotspot-container'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-cell'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-wrap'><div class='av-image-hotspot av-khg71-eb84be1be17fcc256a46233648ea4894 av-image-hotspot-1 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='right' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-right av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3 class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s8&quot;&gt;Auditorium Building&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;The Auditorium Building, spread over three floors, is used for offices and conferences by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;The building, dating back to the 19th century, was originally dedicated to the charitable work of Queen Margherita of Savoy, providing shelter for single mothers. In the 1930s, it was converted to house the Library of the Royal Academy of Italy, which at that time established its representative headquarters in Villa Farnesina.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s8&quot;&gt;The renovation project, designed by engineer Giovanni Massari in 1933, involved replacing the floors, creating a storage area for over 50,000 volumes, meeting rooms, offices and a large conference room. At the suggestion of architects Cesare Bazzani and Marcello Piacentini, an apse was added to the north side of the building, transforming the rectangular hall into an auditorium with approximately 250 seats. Hence the name \u201cPalazzina dell&#8217;Auditorio\u201d (Auditorium Building). To facilitate access for scholars, an underground connection to the Villa was also built.   &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s8&quot;&gt;The building perpetuates the ancient stables of Agostino Chigi commissioned to Raphael the architect, known only through drawings and structured in three naves with a staircase at the rear. All that remains of this construction are the plinth, the pedestals, the bases of the pilasters and part of the walls, once used as stables. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>1<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-jrxwp-1ff1b54ffaa42692442f1aaf8c1a6008 av-image-hotspot-2 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;Courtyard of the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The Villa Farnesina was perfectly suited to accommodate gardens \u2013 so much so that in the 16th century it was called the \u201cPalace of Gardens\u201d \u2013 also from an architectural point of view, with the two projecting wings that define the north fa\u00e7ade and frame the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Here, on the vault frescoed in 1518 by Giovanni da Udine, pupil of Raphael Sanzio, 170 species of &lt;strong&gt;fruits&lt;\/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;flowers&lt;\/strong&gt; are recognized, symbols of &lt;strong&gt;prosperity&lt;\/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;love&lt;\/strong&gt;, conceived as a continuum with the exterior, rich in botanical varieties that came from the Mediterranean and from then exotic lands, even from the &lt;strong&gt;New World&lt;\/strong&gt;, testifying to the vast resources and relationships of the banker &lt;strong&gt;Agostino Chigi&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The small courtyard of the Loggia, &lt;strong&gt;enclosed by walls&lt;\/strong&gt;, had the characteristics of the &lt;strong&gt;secret garden&lt;\/strong&gt;, like the other in the opposite section, at the south entrance of the villa. The two secret gardens, called &lt;strong&gt;Horti conclusi&lt;\/strong&gt;, inspired by the ancient &lt;em&gt;Roman vignae&lt;\/em&gt; and monastery cloisters, &lt;strong&gt;intimate refuges in nature and silence&lt;\/strong&gt; according to the ideal of the &lt;em&gt;locus amoenus&lt;\/em&gt;, were created between 1506 and 1511. &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;This courtyard, with a &lt;strong&gt;central fountain&lt;\/strong&gt; (not original), was fed by an &lt;strong&gt;ingenious water system that exploited the water of the Tiber&lt;\/strong&gt;, the result of the mastery of engineers working together with architect Baldassarre Peruzzi. The space had been conceived as a &#8220;&lt;em&gt;theater of greenery&lt;\/em&gt;&#8221; for staging theatrical performances, a &#8220;&lt;em&gt;container&lt;\/em&gt;&#8221; in which to position scenography facing the palace which thus became the stage and backdrop of the performances.&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>2<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-jedmx-119f4d63b21def2ed61b8fd3c8c272e3 av-image-hotspot-3 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;Citrus Collection&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Citrus fruits have always constituted the &lt;strong&gt;main arboreal wealth of the viridarium&lt;\/strong&gt; and their presence has remained constant over the centuries. Still at the end of the nineteenth century, Pierre Fremont, protagonist of the novel Rome by French writer \u00c9mile Zola, recounts that in the garden of the Farnesina, even if &#8220;&lt;em&gt;abandoned [&#8230;] devastated, bent, invaded by weeds [&#8230;] the golden fruits of oranges and cedars always ripened&lt;\/em&gt;&#8220;. &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Among the citrus trees visible today, the giant citron (Citrus medica maxima) stands out, a vigorous plant with an upright habit and an irregular, spiny canopy. It has smaller leaves, elliptic-oblong in shape, with a rounded apex. It is highly productive and ever-flowering, with its main blooms occurring in spring and autumn. It bears large, fragrant white flowers arranged in clusters. The fruits are very large, corrugated, and oblong-pyriform in shape. The skin is very thick and yellow in color.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;An ornamental variant of citron that can be admired in the Villa&#8217;s garden is the so-called &#8220;&lt;em&gt;Buddha&#8217;s hand&lt;\/em&gt;&#8221; (Citrus medica digitata) which produces fruits with &#8220;fingers.&#8221;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Other rare species include the ribbed bitter orange, the &lt;strong&gt;Sweet Lime of Rome&lt;\/strong&gt;, the &lt;strong&gt;Mellarosa lemon&lt;\/strong&gt;, the &lt;strong&gt;Adam&#8217;s Apple&lt;\/strong&gt;, and the &lt;strong&gt;Florentine Citron&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>3<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-iruu1-bb4d1ffbfa018a50f9a368de66555d5c av-image-hotspot-4 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;Farnese Casino&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Before the death of its rightful owner, and before it was purchased by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese in 1579, Villa Farnesina bordered a property of the Farnese family on its south-eastern side. This property had been established in the final years of the fifteenth century, at the expense and by the will of the then Cardinal Alessandro Farnese the Elder, grandfather of the Alessandro Farnese who would later purchase the Villa, and the future Pope Paul III. He found this place very pleasant, thanks to its healthy environment and close contact with nature, and he was accustomed to visiting it daily, even after his ascent to the papal throne, in order to relax and recover from his daily duties.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The property primarily included the building facing Via della Lungara, the so-called &lt;strong&gt;Casino Farnese&lt;\/strong&gt;, now the ticket office and guest house of the Accademia dei Lincei, which underwent significant modifications in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was a &lt;strong&gt;spacious residence&lt;\/strong&gt;, without a loggia or belvedere, featuring architraves and openings distributed in a not entirely symmetrical manner. &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Behind the Casino opened a courtyard, called the &lt;strong&gt;cypress courtyard&lt;\/strong&gt; for the tree planted there by the cardinal on the occasion of his graduation. At the center of the courtyard stood, and is still visible today, a wall fountain surmounted by the Farnese lily. There were also a walled garden adjacent to the cypress courtyard, and a large garden at the back, towards the Tiber, bounded by the city walls.&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>4<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-1u3ah-9e929e0b6aa01f72ba41124086f63022 av-image-hotspot-5 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;Strigillated Sarcophagus&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Facing the first clearing of the path surrounded by citrus trees, there is a fountain created at an unknown time by combining two different archaeological artifacts.&lt;br \/&gt;\nA large &lt;strong&gt;sarcophagus&lt;\/strong&gt; has been repurposed as the basin, belonging to the type known as &lt;strong&gt;strigillated sarcophagi&lt;\/strong&gt;, a term derived from the type of &lt;strong&gt;fluted decoration&lt;\/strong&gt; arranged symmetrically on the front, whose wavy pattern recalls the &#8220;&lt;strong&gt;strigil&lt;\/strong&gt;,&#8221; the curved instrument ancient athletes used to cleanse themselves. The front of the sarcophagus is enclosed within an elegant frame (kymation) with ovules and astragals, topped with a pattern of wide trilobed leaves and bordered laterally and below by a braided motif. These decorative elements suggest the sarcophagus dates between the late 3rd and early 4th century AD.  &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The colossal head used as a water spout above the sarcophagus was adapted for this function through the loss of its nose and part of its lips.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The sculpture, documented in the context of the Chigi-Farnese properties since the 17th century, depicts a marine Triton, as revealed by the seaweed crossing the surface of the face. The wavy hair, which descends to cover the neck with short curls, is worked to give the hair a wet effect.&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>5<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-hmt4t-208e56bc7f5ba44abcf9f21a5b8371da av-image-hotspot-6 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Secret Garden&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;On the south side of Villa Farnesina was one of the two &#8220;&lt;strong&gt;secret gardens&lt;\/strong&gt;&#8221; that once surrounded the building.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Enclosed by walls, this rectangular space extended to the nearby &lt;strong&gt;Casino Farnese&lt;\/strong&gt;, now the Villa&#8217;s ticket office and guest house of the Accademia dei Lincei. The garden was divided into &lt;strong&gt;geometric flowerbeds&lt;\/strong&gt;, adorned with &lt;strong&gt;flower pergolas&lt;\/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;fruits&lt;\/strong&gt;, with a &lt;strong&gt;central fountain&lt;\/strong&gt;, whose remains are still visible today.  &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;The current appearance of this space is due to a renovation and conservation intervention promoted by the National Academy of Lincei in the early 2000s, aimed at restoring the sixteenth-century spatiality of the secret garden through the placement of yew hedges, which were present in the sixteenth-century garden. The secret garden of Agostino Chigi also contained other species of trees and plants, as well as a &lt;strong&gt;rose garden&lt;\/strong&gt; with many varieties of roses. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>6<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-h19qx-a8d808df66d7edc83e6df96a07e339f8 av-image-hotspot-7 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Cesare Pascarella&#8217;s Laurel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The laurel (Laurus nobilis) is an ancient and renowned plant which, in the classical world, symbolised knowledge and glory. It was sacred to Apollo, the solar god and protector of the arts, music and poetry, who was said to wear a laurel wreath after Daphne was transformed into this plant. In the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, a priestess, intoxicated by laurel potions, delivered oracles that dispelled\u2014though not always explicitly\u2014doubts and uncertainties. &lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;This laurel tree was &lt;strong&gt;planted by Cesare Pascarella&lt;\/strong&gt;, a dialect poet, writer, and painter, during the decade (1930-1940) when he was a &lt;strong&gt;member of the Royal Academy of Italy&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>7<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-ggcl1-abb15cda0d035d62140e5c47374f8101 av-image-hotspot-8 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Sarcophagus with Winged Victories&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;The section of the &lt;strong&gt;Aurelian Walls&lt;\/strong&gt; present in Villa Farnesina&#8217;s park is &lt;strong&gt;one of the oldest remaining in Rome&lt;\/strong&gt;. Built in &lt;strong&gt;271 AD&lt;\/strong&gt; by order of &lt;strong&gt;Emperor Aurelian&lt;\/strong&gt; with the aim of &lt;strong&gt;stopping the advance of Northern European populations towards the Roman Empire&lt;\/strong&gt;, the Aurelian Walls extended for 19 km and were up to 6.5 meters high. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;This wall circuit connects directly with &lt;strong&gt;Porta Settimiana&lt;\/strong&gt;, which since medieval times opened onto the &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;via sancta&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;, later renamed Via Settimiana by Pope Julius II della Rovere, which &lt;strong&gt;connected Trastevere with the Vatican and St. Peter&#8217;s Basilica&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/span&gt; &lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;The state of preservation allows recognition of various construction phases, evidenced by different building techniques. The base belongs to a possibly eighteenth-century reinforcement intervention and consists of massive masonry of irregular tufa blocks alternating with few bricks and is bordered by a brick cornice. In the upper part, the curtain wall built under Emperor Honorius (by whose order around 403 AD the height of the walls was almost doubled) can be seen, above which some modern masonry repairs can be distinguished that might date back to the pontificate of Pius IX. The left tower, which is preserved in its full height, shows the remains of the protiro that connected the upper maneuvering chamber with the uncovered walkway. The right tower, in worse condition, was inhabited in the nineteenth century by one of Rome&#8217;s public washerwomen, who carried out her activity inside.    &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;What can be observed today in Villa Farnesina&#8217;s gardens is a surviving section of the glorious walls that from 1876 were sectioned and removed to make way for the construction of Lungotevere della Farnesina, considered the first engineering intervention of national scope in the newly formed Kingdom of Italy. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>8<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-fwrq1-73ec1753b5aafaed6f37da28b08034b4 av-image-hotspot-9 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Aurelian Walls&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;At the end of the path that branches off to the left of the avenue running along the boundary wall between the garden and the area of the current &lt;em&gt;John Cabot University&lt;\/em&gt;, there is a &lt;strong&gt;rectangular sarcophagus without its lid&lt;\/strong&gt;, on whose front are carved &lt;strong&gt;two winged Victories&lt;\/strong&gt;, with linear and synthetic features. Facing each other in mirror image toward the center, they support a &#8220;&lt;em&gt;tabula ansata&lt;\/em&gt;&#8220;, that is, a plaque with handles, dating to the &lt;em&gt;2nd century AD&lt;\/em&gt;, which bears a Greek inscription with the name of the &lt;strong&gt;Greek freedman&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Marcus Aurelius Giocondo&lt;\/strong&gt; who was buried there.  &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;The Victories are dressed in a tunic that covers the entire body, whose folds follow the movement and flow of air. The feathering of the wings is also rendered with remarkable realism. The faces, in profile, show a simple hairstyle formed by a &#8220;tenia&#8221;, a braided band that follows the forehead and is gathered in a chignon at the nape. The sarcophagus was probably part of &lt;strong&gt;Agostino Chigi&#8217;s collection of antiquities&lt;\/strong&gt;, as reported by some contemporary testimonies.    &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>9<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-f3k99-e94ed2e45c4d062c9b27f4a30ed83650 av-image-hotspot-10 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;Guglielmo Marconi&#8217;s Sequoia Stump&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;A stump of &lt;strong&gt;California sequoia&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;Sequoia &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;sempervirens&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;) is what remains after the felling &#8211; in the 1980s, due to wood rot &#8211; of the specimen planted by &lt;strong&gt;Guglielmo Marconi&lt;\/strong&gt; during the seven-year period 1930-1937 (the year of his death) when he was &lt;strong&gt;President of the Royal Academy of Italy&lt;\/strong&gt;, which was then housed in Villa Farnesina. &lt;strong&gt;Marconi took great care of the Villa&#8217;s garden and its plants.&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>10<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-ehv5t-51159b0db1c2dcb092ec69ec0090e8e9 av-image-hotspot-11 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot;&gt;Nymphaeum Fountain&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot;&gt;Continuing along the avenue that runs along the boundary wall between the garden and the area where John Cabot University is now located, there is positioned a sculpture representing a &lt;strong&gt;female figure&lt;\/strong&gt;, covered by drapery that falls only in the lower part of the body, captured in the gesture of supporting a &lt;strong&gt;half-open shell&lt;\/strong&gt;. Despite heavy restoration in the upper part, this is a &lt;strong&gt;work from the Roman period&lt;\/strong&gt; inspired by a well-known Hellenistic sculptural model: the so-called &lt;strong&gt;Aphrodite of Syracuse&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot;&gt;Compared to the original model, however, some significant variations have been introduced, such as the movement of the drapery and the shell basin that transform the goddess of love into a more prosaic sea nymph. The goddess is placed within a &lt;strong&gt;niche that imitates a natural grotto&lt;\/strong&gt;, framed by a stone mosaic. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot;&gt;The sculpture could be what remains of a more complex composition, with putti supporting vases as water spouts. In the mid-16th century this ensemble is described as part of the original decoration of the Farnese garden, before the acquisition of the Chigi property, in the famous description of Roman statues compiled in 1556 by the Bolognese naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; data-ccp-props=&quot;{}&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>11<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2653 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2653 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci.jpg\" alt='' title='Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci'  height=\"951\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-1030x510.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-768x380.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-1536x761.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-1500x743.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-705x349.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-1 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">1<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"s5\"><span class=\"s8\">Auditorium Building<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"s5\">The Auditorium Building, spread over three floors, is used for offices and conferences by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. <\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\">The building, dating back to the 19th century, was originally dedicated to the charitable work of Queen Margherita of Savoy, providing shelter for single mothers. In the 1930s, it was converted to house the Library of the Royal Academy of Italy, which at that time established its representative headquarters in Villa Farnesina.<\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\"><span class=\"s8\">The renovation project, designed by engineer Giovanni Massari in 1933, involved replacing the floors, creating a storage area for over 50,000 volumes, meeting rooms, offices and a large conference room. At the suggestion of architects Cesare Bazzani and Marcello Piacentini, an apse was added to the north side of the building, transforming the rectangular hall into an auditorium with approximately 250 seats. Hence the name \u201cPalazzina dell&#8217;Auditorio\u201d (Auditorium Building). To facilitate access for scholars, an underground connection to the Villa was also built.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\"><span class=\"s8\">The building perpetuates the ancient stables of Agostino Chigi commissioned to Raphael the architect, known only through drawings and structured in three naves with a staircase at the rear. All that remains of this construction are the plinth, the pedestals, the bases of the pilasters and part of the walls, once used as stables. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-2 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">2<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3>Courtyard of the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche<\/h3>\n<p>The Villa Farnesina was perfectly suited to accommodate gardens \u2013 so much so that in the 16th century it was called the \u201cPalace of Gardens\u201d \u2013 also from an architectural point of view, with the two projecting wings that define the north fa\u00e7ade and frame the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche.<\/p>\n<p>Here, on the vault frescoed in 1518 by Giovanni da Udine, pupil of Raphael Sanzio, 170 species of <strong>fruits<\/strong> and <strong>flowers<\/strong> are recognized, symbols of <strong>prosperity<\/strong> and <strong>love<\/strong>, conceived as a continuum with the exterior, rich in botanical varieties that came from the Mediterranean and from then exotic lands, even from the <strong>New World<\/strong>, testifying to the vast resources and relationships of the banker <strong>Agostino Chigi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The small courtyard of the Loggia, <strong>enclosed by walls<\/strong>, had the characteristics of the <strong>secret garden<\/strong>, like the other in the opposite section, at the south entrance of the villa. The two secret gardens, called <strong>Horti conclusi<\/strong>, inspired by the ancient <em>Roman vignae<\/em> and monastery cloisters, <strong>intimate refuges in nature and silence<\/strong> according to the ideal of the <em>locus amoenus<\/em>, were created between 1506 and 1511. <\/p>\n<p>This courtyard, with a <strong>central fountain<\/strong> (not original), was fed by an <strong>ingenious water system that exploited the water of the Tiber<\/strong>, the result of the mastery of engineers working together with architect Baldassarre Peruzzi. The space had been conceived as a &#8220;<em>theater of greenery<\/em>&#8221; for staging theatrical performances, a &#8220;<em>container<\/em>&#8221; in which to position scenography facing the palace which thus became the stage and backdrop of the performances.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-3 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">3<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3>Citrus Collection<\/h3>\n<p>Citrus fruits have always constituted the <strong>main arboreal wealth of the viridarium<\/strong> and their presence has remained constant over the centuries. Still at the end of the nineteenth century, Pierre Fremont, protagonist of the novel Rome by French writer \u00c9mile Zola, recounts that in the garden of the Farnesina, even if &#8220;<em>abandoned [&#8230;] devastated, bent, invaded by weeds [&#8230;] the golden fruits of oranges and cedars always ripened<\/em>&#8220;. <\/p>\n<p>Among the citrus trees visible today, the giant citron (Citrus medica maxima) stands out, a vigorous plant with an upright habit and an irregular, spiny canopy. It has smaller leaves, elliptic-oblong in shape, with a rounded apex. It is highly productive and ever-flowering, with its main blooms occurring in spring and autumn. It bears large, fragrant white flowers arranged in clusters. The fruits are very large, corrugated, and oblong-pyriform in shape. The skin is very thick and yellow in color.<\/p>\n<p>An ornamental variant of citron that can be admired in the Villa&#8217;s garden is the so-called &#8220;<em>Buddha&#8217;s hand<\/em>&#8221; (Citrus medica digitata) which produces fruits with &#8220;fingers.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Other rare species include the ribbed bitter orange, the <strong>Sweet Lime of Rome<\/strong>, the <strong>Mellarosa lemon<\/strong>, the <strong>Adam&#8217;s Apple<\/strong>, and the <strong>Florentine Citron<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-4 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">4<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3>Farnese Casino<\/h3>\n<p>Before the death of its rightful owner, and before it was purchased by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese in 1579, Villa Farnesina bordered a property of the Farnese family on its south-eastern side. This property had been established in the final years of the fifteenth century, at the expense and by the will of the then Cardinal Alessandro Farnese the Elder, grandfather of the Alessandro Farnese who would later purchase the Villa, and the future Pope Paul III. He found this place very pleasant, thanks to its healthy environment and close contact with nature, and he was accustomed to visiting it daily, even after his ascent to the papal throne, in order to relax and recover from his daily duties.<\/p>\n<p>The property primarily included the building facing Via della Lungara, the so-called <strong>Casino Farnese<\/strong>, now the ticket office and guest house of the Accademia dei Lincei, which underwent significant modifications in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was a <strong>spacious residence<\/strong>, without a loggia or belvedere, featuring architraves and openings distributed in a not entirely symmetrical manner. <\/p>\n<p>Behind the Casino opened a courtyard, called the <strong>cypress courtyard<\/strong> for the tree planted there by the cardinal on the occasion of his graduation. At the center of the courtyard stood, and is still visible today, a wall fountain surmounted by the Farnese lily. There were also a walled garden adjacent to the cypress courtyard, and a large garden at the back, towards the Tiber, bounded by the city walls.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-5 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">5<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3>Strigillated Sarcophagus<\/h3>\n<p>Facing the first clearing of the path surrounded by citrus trees, there is a fountain created at an unknown time by combining two different archaeological artifacts.<br \/>\nA large <strong>sarcophagus<\/strong> has been repurposed as the basin, belonging to the type known as <strong>strigillated sarcophagi<\/strong>, a term derived from the type of <strong>fluted decoration<\/strong> arranged symmetrically on the front, whose wavy pattern recalls the &#8220;<strong>strigil<\/strong>,&#8221; the curved instrument ancient athletes used to cleanse themselves. The front of the sarcophagus is enclosed within an elegant frame (kymation) with ovules and astragals, topped with a pattern of wide trilobed leaves and bordered laterally and below by a braided motif. These decorative elements suggest the sarcophagus dates between the late 3rd and early 4th century AD.  <\/p>\n<p>The colossal head used as a water spout above the sarcophagus was adapted for this function through the loss of its nose and part of its lips.<\/p>\n<p>The sculpture, documented in the context of the Chigi-Farnese properties since the 17th century, depicts a marine Triton, as revealed by the seaweed crossing the surface of the face. The wavy hair, which descends to cover the neck with short curls, is worked to give the hair a wet effect.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-6 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">6<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Secret Garden<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On the south side of Villa Farnesina was one of the two &#8220;<strong>secret gardens<\/strong>&#8221; that once surrounded the building.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Enclosed by walls, this rectangular space extended to the nearby <strong>Casino Farnese<\/strong>, now the Villa&#8217;s ticket office and guest house of the Accademia dei Lincei. The garden was divided into <strong>geometric flowerbeds<\/strong>, adorned with <strong>flower pergolas<\/strong> and <strong>fruits<\/strong>, with a <strong>central fountain<\/strong>, whose remains are still visible today.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The current appearance of this space is due to a renovation and conservation intervention promoted by the National Academy of Lincei in the early 2000s, aimed at restoring the sixteenth-century spatiality of the secret garden through the placement of yew hedges, which were present in the sixteenth-century garden. The secret garden of Agostino Chigi also contained other species of trees and plants, as well as a <strong>rose garden<\/strong> with many varieties of roses. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-7 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">7<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cesare Pascarella&#8217;s Laurel<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The laurel (Laurus nobilis) is an ancient and renowned plant which, in the classical world, symbolised knowledge and glory. It was sacred to Apollo, the solar god and protector of the arts, music and poetry, who was said to wear a laurel wreath after Daphne was transformed into this plant. In the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, a priestess, intoxicated by laurel potions, delivered oracles that dispelled\u2014though not always explicitly\u2014doubts and uncertainties. <span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This laurel tree was <strong>planted by Cesare Pascarella<\/strong>, a dialect poet, writer, and painter, during the decade (1930-1940) when he was a <strong>member of the Royal Academy of Italy<\/strong>.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-8 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">8<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sarcophagus with Winged Victories<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The section of the <strong>Aurelian Walls<\/strong> present in Villa Farnesina&#8217;s park is <strong>one of the oldest remaining in Rome<\/strong>. Built in <strong>271 AD<\/strong> by order of <strong>Emperor Aurelian<\/strong> with the aim of <strong>stopping the advance of Northern European populations towards the Roman Empire<\/strong>, the Aurelian Walls extended for 19 km and were up to 6.5 meters high. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This wall circuit connects directly with <strong>Porta Settimiana<\/strong>, which since medieval times opened onto the <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">via sancta<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, later renamed Via Settimiana by Pope Julius II della Rovere, which <strong>connected Trastevere with the Vatican and St. Peter&#8217;s Basilica<\/strong>.<\/span> <span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The state of preservation allows recognition of various construction phases, evidenced by different building techniques. The base belongs to a possibly eighteenth-century reinforcement intervention and consists of massive masonry of irregular tufa blocks alternating with few bricks and is bordered by a brick cornice. In the upper part, the curtain wall built under Emperor Honorius (by whose order around 403 AD the height of the walls was almost doubled) can be seen, above which some modern masonry repairs can be distinguished that might date back to the pontificate of Pius IX. The left tower, which is preserved in its full height, shows the remains of the protiro that connected the upper maneuvering chamber with the uncovered walkway. The right tower, in worse condition, was inhabited in the nineteenth century by one of Rome&#8217;s public washerwomen, who carried out her activity inside.    <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What can be observed today in Villa Farnesina&#8217;s gardens is a surviving section of the glorious walls that from 1876 were sectioned and removed to make way for the construction of Lungotevere della Farnesina, considered the first engineering intervention of national scope in the newly formed Kingdom of Italy. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-9 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">9<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Aurelian Walls<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">At the end of the path that branches off to the left of the avenue running along the boundary wall between the garden and the area of the current <em>John Cabot University<\/em>, there is a <strong>rectangular sarcophagus without its lid<\/strong>, on whose front are carved <strong>two winged Victories<\/strong>, with linear and synthetic features. Facing each other in mirror image toward the center, they support a &#8220;<em>tabula ansata<\/em>&#8220;, that is, a plaque with handles, dating to the <em>2nd century AD<\/em>, which bears a Greek inscription with the name of the <strong>Greek freedman<\/strong> <strong>Marcus Aurelius Giocondo<\/strong> who was buried there.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Victories are dressed in a tunic that covers the entire body, whose folds follow the movement and flow of air. The feathering of the wings is also rendered with remarkable realism. The faces, in profile, show a simple hairstyle formed by a &#8220;tenia&#8221;, a braided band that follows the forehead and is gathered in a chignon at the nape. The sarcophagus was probably part of <strong>Agostino Chigi&#8217;s collection of antiquities<\/strong>, as reported by some contemporary testimonies.    <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-10 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">10<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\">Guglielmo Marconi&#8217;s Sequoia Stump<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\">A stump of <strong>California sequoia<\/strong> <em>(<\/em><\/span><\/span><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\">Sequoia <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW181137733 BCX0\">sempervirens<\/span><\/span><\/em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\">) is what remains after the felling &#8211; in the 1980s, due to wood rot &#8211; of the specimen planted by <strong>Guglielmo Marconi<\/strong> during the seven-year period 1930-1937 (the year of his death) when he was <strong>President of the Royal Academy of Italy<\/strong>, which was then housed in Villa Farnesina. <strong>Marconi took great care of the Villa&#8217;s garden and its plants.<\/strong> <\/span><\/span> <span class=\"EOP SCXW181137733 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-11 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">11<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\">Nymphaeum Fountain<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\">Continuing along the avenue that runs along the boundary wall between the garden and the area where John Cabot University is now located, there is positioned a sculpture representing a <strong>female figure<\/strong>, covered by drapery that falls only in the lower part of the body, captured in the gesture of supporting a <strong>half-open shell<\/strong>. Despite heavy restoration in the upper part, this is a <strong>work from the Roman period<\/strong> inspired by a well-known Hellenistic sculptural model: the so-called <strong>Aphrodite of Syracuse<\/strong>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\">Compared to the original model, however, some significant variations have been introduced, such as the movement of the drapery and the shell basin that transform the goddess of love into a more prosaic sea nymph. The goddess is placed within a <strong>niche that imitates a natural grotto<\/strong>, framed by a stone mosaic. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\">The sculpture could be what remains of a more complex composition, with putti supporting vases as water spouts. In the mid-16th century this ensemble is described as part of the original decoration of the Farnese garden, before the acquisition of the Chigi property, in the famous description of Roman statues compiled in 1556 by the Bolognese naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW23872495 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-e06th-ba74129c38c94bea012990b63c027cc9\">\n#top .flex_column.av-e06th-ba74129c38c94bea012990b63c027cc9{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-e06th-ba74129c38c94bea012990b63c027cc9{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-e06th-ba74129c38c94bea012990b63c027cc9 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" 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27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Next<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-inner' data-av-height='25'><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-slider\"><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2322 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2322 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-705x705.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-1030x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-705x705.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview.jpg 1080w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-3' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-3' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-3'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-3'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2654 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2654 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1024\" height=\"778\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-705x536.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-705x536.jpg 705w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-4' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-4' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-4'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-4'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2655 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2655 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1030x579.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02.jpg 1920w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-5' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-5' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-5'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-5'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2656 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2656 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1030x579.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03.jpg 1920w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-6' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-6' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-6'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-6'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2652 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2652 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1030x579.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg 1920w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-7' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-7' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-7'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-7'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2657 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2657 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1079\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02.jpg 1079w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-705x705.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1079px) 100vw, 1079px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-1030x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-705x705.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02.jpg 1079w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-8' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-8' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-8'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-8'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2658 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2658 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1079\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04.jpg 1079w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-705x705.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1079px) 100vw, 1079px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-1030x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04-705x705.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04.jpg 1079w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-9' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-9' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-9'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-9'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2659 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2659 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1079\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03.jpg 1079w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-705x705.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1079px) 100vw, 1079px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-1030x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03-705x705.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_03.jpg 1079w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-10' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-10' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-10'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-10'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mh4nnjo1-cedbac2a2561abe927f589bf373d5b9a\">\n.avia-section.av-mh4nnjo1-cedbac2a2561abe927f589bf373d5b9a{\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080.jpg);\nbackground-position:50% 50%;\nbackground-attachment:scroll;\n}\n.avia-section.av-mh4nnjo1-cedbac2a2561abe927f589bf373d5b9a .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.5;\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-mh4nnjo1-cedbac2a2561abe927f589bf373d5b9a socket_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  av-desktop-hide avia-full-stretch avia-bg-style-scroll av-section-color-overlay-active container_wrap fullsize'  data-section-bg-repeat='stretch'><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay\"><\/div><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2666'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-ccrrx-3ada657af11e8180c243b17df3bb9d71 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ccrrx-3ada657af11e8180c243b17df3bb9d71\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-ccrrx-3ada657af11e8180c243b17df3bb9d71{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ccrrx-3ada657af11e8180c243b17df3bb9d71 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-33  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mh4nmv9f-79b9a55847d858d1af99516fa0124585\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-mh4nmv9f-79b9a55847d858d1af99516fa0124585{\npadding-bottom:10px;\nfont-size:60px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-mh4nmv9f-79b9a55847d858d1af99516fa0124585 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-mh4nmv9f-79b9a55847d858d1af99516fa0124585 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:60px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-mh4nmv9f-79b9a55847d858d1af99516fa0124585 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-mh4nmv9f-79b9a55847d858d1af99516fa0124585 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-mh4nmv9f-79b9a55847d858d1af99516fa0124585 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mh4nmv9f-79b9a55847d858d1af99516fa0124585 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-34  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-inherit-size'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >THE HISTORIC GARDENS<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_4'  class='avia-section av-mh4nm5h9-a44f8399c933c336be595acb39d4e0ca main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-35  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  av-desktop-hide avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2666'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-mh4np8kx-3aaaa4a20ba700a2f7a144af651e23df sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mh4np8kx-3aaaa4a20ba700a2f7a144af651e23df\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-mh4np8kx-3aaaa4a20ba700a2f7a144af651e23df{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-mh4np8kx-3aaaa4a20ba700a2f7a144af651e23df{\nwidth:100%;\nmargin-left:0;\n}\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-mh4np8kx-3aaaa4a20ba700a2f7a144af651e23df .av-flex-placeholder{\nwidth:0%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-mh4np8kx-3aaaa4a20ba700a2f7a144af651e23df av_one_full  avia-builder-el-36  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-animated-generic left-to-right  '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-bs7yl-6ec6b9117ae40922e1b47d26748ac7f5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The suburban villa of the Sienese banker Agostino Chigi, known as \u201cil Magnifico\u201d (1466\u20131520), a significant example of Renaissance culture, reflected the owner\u2019s desire for a residence away from the clamour of the Urbs, set within lush greenery.<\/p>\n<p>In the sixteenth century, the villa was surrounded by a magnificent viridarium, whose layout was harmoniously connected to the architectural forms of the building itself through the two lateral projections of the fa\u00e7ade, and through the festive floral decorations of the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche, painted by Giovanni da Udine.<\/p>\n<p>The extraordinary representations of plants from the New World\u2014such as maize, courgettes, large and muscat squashes, the common bean\u2014along with medicinal plants, fruit trees, and ornamental and exotic species, were created to amaze and inspire admiration in the visitor, and to display to guests, dignitaries of the papal court, and even to the Pope himself, the magnificence and refinement of the villa\u2019s owner, Agostino Chigi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-b6f09-5fac7ffe215e5c7121896b1470ee0d51\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-b6f09-5fac7ffe215e5c7121896b1470ee0d51{\nheight:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-b6f09-5fac7ffe215e5c7121896b1470ee0d51 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ah7r5-b3381b87010901c0dbcacf498fc1d108\">\n.avia-image-container.av-ah7r5-b3381b87010901c0dbcacf498fc1d108 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-ah7r5-b3381b87010901c0dbcacf498fc1d108 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-ah7r5-b3381b87010901c0dbcacf498fc1d108 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-39  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2651 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2651 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080.jpg\" alt='' title='Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_1920_1080-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9ybql-74f77d1979b60570c1c56dbc359fc697\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-9ybql-74f77d1979b60570c1c56dbc359fc697{\nheight:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-9ybql-74f77d1979b60570c1c56dbc359fc697 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-40  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-90xi1-6a995e541a4c8a891265541fc1933949 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Today only a small strip of the northern part of the garden remains, while at the back of the Villa (south side, where the entrance is now) one accesses the &#8220;<strong>secret garden<\/strong>&#8221; inspired by the <strong>sixteenth-century hortus conclusus<\/strong>, separated, by means of a high hedge, from the &#8220;<strong>formal garden<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>The latter extends southward to a section of the <strong>Aurelian Walls<\/strong> which constitutes one of the few remains of the wall circuit that stood on the right bank of the Tiber, whose side toward the river was lost in the late nineteenth-century renovation works.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8ong5-0c83bfa30700e737b372ae00fbab25ca\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-8ong5-0c83bfa30700e737b372ae00fbab25ca{\nheight:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-8ong5-0c83bfa30700e737b372ae00fbab25ca hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-42  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7yly5-0ed44f91c975f74bbd458a8ba0eace28\">\n.avia-image-container.av-7yly5-0ed44f91c975f74bbd458a8ba0eace28 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-7yly5-0ed44f91c975f74bbd458a8ba0eace28 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-7yly5-0ed44f91c975f74bbd458a8ba0eace28 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-43  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2652 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2652 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg\" alt='' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mh4novgu-a59069f4a3eeb80496f7b4e970a24e4b\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-mh4novgu-a59069f4a3eeb80496f7b4e970a24e4b{\nheight:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-mh4novgu-a59069f4a3eeb80496f7b4e970a24e4b hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-44  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-7a7ph-b74f9fc7c13f67d0a055b7da19c880ee '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>After a careful <strong>restoration intervention<\/strong>, tree specimens have found their home according to the <strong>eighteenth-nineteenth century arrangement<\/strong>: pines and some cypresses, the laurel grove \u2013 which constitutes, perhaps, the most ancient pre-existence \u2013 useful and ornamental species (roses, quinces, medlars, farnesiana acacia, Constantinople acacia, collection citrus fruits, cherry trees, holm oaks, antique camellias), some shrub species mentioned in archival documents, such as <em>Myrtus communis<\/em>, <em>Cornus mas<\/em>, <em>Berberis<\/em>, as well as perennial herbaceous plants and bulbs such as <em>Viola odorata<\/em> in ancient varieties, <em>Lilium<\/em>, <em>Hyacinthus<\/em> and <em>Iris<\/em> that compose the varied and colorful border along the ancient Farnesian wall.<\/p>\n<p>A small collection of <strong>archaeological artifacts<\/strong>, <strong>sarcophagi<\/strong>, <strong>capitals<\/strong> and <strong>statues used as decorative elements<\/strong>, contributes to testifying to the <strong>ancient opulence<\/strong> of an environment rich in surprising pleasantness, in the heart of <strong>Trastevere<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='mappa_giardini_storici_mobile'  class='avia-section av-mee66ki0-8ad12f90e1222f5dbbcf3ec54b6d42e8 header_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-46  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-desktop-hide avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2666'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-16s8x-b5840bfb1b009defaf641f9dd0b01d47\">\n#top .flex_column.av-16s8x-b5840bfb1b009defaf641f9dd0b01d47{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:50px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-16s8x-b5840bfb1b009defaf641f9dd0b01d47{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-16s8x-b5840bfb1b009defaf641f9dd0b01d47 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-47  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-animated-generic bottom-to-top  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-me8yk096-5941693f75d166f9f8990863541b3391\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-me8yk096-5941693f75d166f9f8990863541b3391{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-me8yk096-5941693f75d166f9f8990863541b3391 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-me8yk096-5941693f75d166f9f8990863541b3391 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-me8yk096-5941693f75d166f9f8990863541b3391 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-48  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >A journey through history, art and nature in the gardens and outdoor spaces of Villa Farnesina.<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-xne1-23a5dcd7fe7a6777cae109ac7c745193 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Walking through the avenues and buildings surrounding Villa Farnesina means taking <strong>a journey through different eras and atmospheres<\/strong>: from ancient Roman walls to <strong>secret Renaissance gardens<\/strong>, from <strong>botanical collections<\/strong> to <strong>contemporary artworks<\/strong>, from <strong>historic architecture<\/strong> to <strong>archaeological artifacts<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Each one holds stories of illustrious figures, urban transformations and memories that interweave the life of the Villa with that of Rome.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-sub-av-mh4nr3of-e2b29e82373ac0ad48b0bb66942c88e3\">\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-6zefl-cdaca3ecf4fe52814fed98902f3ab3b6{\ntop:36.9%;\nleft:24%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-6zefl-cdaca3ecf4fe52814fed98902f3ab3b6 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-6zefl-cdaca3ecf4fe52814fed98902f3ab3b6 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-6c639-686d94dbda64918891637da7e7bb9fff{\ntop:33.8%;\nleft:40.1%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-6c639-686d94dbda64918891637da7e7bb9fff .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-6c639-686d94dbda64918891637da7e7bb9fff .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-5qr0x-39eaf518aa72fbd09a6e222b68507ec6{\ntop:51.9%;\nleft:68.9%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-5qr0x-39eaf518aa72fbd09a6e222b68507ec6 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-5qr0x-39eaf518aa72fbd09a6e222b68507ec6 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-573p1-29ac6bc85ac882255329a4b52da689b2{\ntop:70%;\nleft:53.7%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-573p1-29ac6bc85ac882255329a4b52da689b2 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-573p1-29ac6bc85ac882255329a4b52da689b2 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-4la4h-23c16ad73dc0a4e8cb31861515150247{\ntop:57.5%;\nleft:58.6%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-4la4h-23c16ad73dc0a4e8cb31861515150247 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-4la4h-23c16ad73dc0a4e8cb31861515150247 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-euox-68ec09f5fdd9cb230b54cb80ed3c2711{\ntop:49.4%;\nleft:59.2%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-euox-68ec09f5fdd9cb230b54cb80ed3c2711 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-euox-68ec09f5fdd9cb230b54cb80ed3c2711 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-36yux-4734f5b2f8daad45b9ef8ccb3febbb21{\ntop:73.2%;\nleft:75.9%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-36yux-4734f5b2f8daad45b9ef8ccb3febbb21 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-36yux-4734f5b2f8daad45b9ef8ccb3febbb21 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2o02d-7c8b0559471b2fbd215f827794e21676{\ntop:57.4%;\nleft:97.2%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2o02d-7c8b0559471b2fbd215f827794e21676 .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2o02d-7c8b0559471b2fbd215f827794e21676 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-20qsp-0a13c7f85a23bc41055f11a26ab7083b{\ntop:78.2%;\nleft:90.4%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-20qsp-0a13c7f85a23bc41055f11a26ab7083b .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-20qsp-0a13c7f85a23bc41055f11a26ab7083b .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1m9ch-2d738d389b5b266455fe8cd7e2b9d48c{\ntop:55.7%;\nleft:77.4%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1m9ch-2d738d389b5b266455fe8cd7e2b9d48c .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1m9ch-2d738d389b5b266455fe8cd7e2b9d48c .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-x91d-00c8c76d8a14a70c35af90e274a6e99e{\ntop:88.2%;\nleft:84.8%;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-x91d-00c8c76d8a14a70c35af90e274a6e99e .av-image-hotspot_inner{\nbackground-color:#541f16;\ncolor:#f2f2f2;\n}\n.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-x91d-00c8c76d8a14a70c35af90e274a6e99e .av-image-hotspot-pulse{\nbackground-color:#2a537a;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-hotspot-image-container av-mh4nr3of-e2b29e82373ac0ad48b0bb66942c88e3  avia-builder-el-50  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  av-hotspot-blank av-close-on-click-tooltip avia_animated_image avia_animate_when_almost_visible fade-in av-mobile-fallback-active  av-non-fullwidth-hotspot-image'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='av-hotspot-container'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-cell'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-wrap'><div class='av-image-hotspot av-6zefl-cdaca3ecf4fe52814fed98902f3ab3b6 av-image-hotspot-1 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='right' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-right av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3 class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s8&quot;&gt;Auditorium Building&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;The Auditorium Building, spread over three floors, is used for offices and conferences by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;The building, dating back to the 19th century, was originally dedicated to the charitable work of Queen Margherita of Savoy, providing shelter for single mothers. In the 1930s, it was converted to house the Library of the Royal Academy of Italy, which at that time established its representative headquarters in Villa Farnesina.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s8&quot;&gt;The renovation project, designed by engineer Giovanni Massari in 1933, involved replacing the floors, creating a storage area for over 50,000 volumes, meeting rooms, offices and a large conference room. At the suggestion of architects Cesare Bazzani and Marcello Piacentini, an apse was added to the north side of the building, transforming the rectangular hall into an auditorium with approximately 250 seats. Hence the name \u201cPalazzina dell&#8217;Auditorio\u201d (Auditorium Building). To facilitate access for scholars, an underground connection to the Villa was also built.   &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;s5&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s8&quot;&gt;The building perpetuates the ancient stables of Agostino Chigi commissioned to Raphael the architect, known only through drawings and structured in three naves with a staircase at the rear. All that remains of this construction are the plinth, the pedestals, the bases of the pilasters and part of the walls, once used as stables. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>1<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-6c639-686d94dbda64918891637da7e7bb9fff av-image-hotspot-2 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;Courtyard of the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The Villa Farnesina was perfectly suited to accommodate gardens \u2013 so much so that in the 16th century it was called the \u201cPalace of Gardens\u201d \u2013 also from an architectural point of view, with the two projecting wings that define the north fa\u00e7ade and frame the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Here, on the vault frescoed in 1518 by Giovanni da Udine, pupil of Raphael Sanzio, 170 species of &lt;strong&gt;fruits&lt;\/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;flowers&lt;\/strong&gt; are recognized, symbols of &lt;strong&gt;prosperity&lt;\/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;love&lt;\/strong&gt;, conceived as a continuum with the exterior, rich in botanical varieties that came from the Mediterranean and from then exotic lands, even from the &lt;strong&gt;New World&lt;\/strong&gt;, testifying to the vast resources and relationships of the banker &lt;strong&gt;Agostino Chigi&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The small courtyard of the Loggia, &lt;strong&gt;enclosed by walls&lt;\/strong&gt;, had the characteristics of the &lt;strong&gt;secret garden&lt;\/strong&gt;, like the other in the opposite section, at the south entrance of the villa. The two secret gardens, called &lt;strong&gt;Horti conclusi&lt;\/strong&gt;, inspired by the ancient &lt;em&gt;Roman vignae&lt;\/em&gt; and monastery cloisters, &lt;strong&gt;intimate refuges in nature and silence&lt;\/strong&gt; according to the ideal of the &lt;em&gt;locus amoenus&lt;\/em&gt;, were created between 1506 and 1511. &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;This courtyard, with a &lt;strong&gt;central fountain&lt;\/strong&gt; (not original), was fed by an &lt;strong&gt;ingenious water system that exploited the water of the Tiber&lt;\/strong&gt;, the result of the mastery of engineers working together with architect Baldassarre Peruzzi. The space had been conceived as a &#8220;&lt;em&gt;theater of greenery&lt;\/em&gt;&#8221; for staging theatrical performances, a &#8220;&lt;em&gt;container&lt;\/em&gt;&#8221; in which to position scenography facing the palace which thus became the stage and backdrop of the performances.&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>2<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-5qr0x-39eaf518aa72fbd09a6e222b68507ec6 av-image-hotspot-3 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;Citrus Collection&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Citrus fruits have always constituted the &lt;strong&gt;main arboreal wealth of the viridarium&lt;\/strong&gt; and their presence has remained constant over the centuries. Still at the end of the nineteenth century, Pierre Fremont, protagonist of the novel Rome by French writer \u00c9mile Zola, recounts that in the garden of the Farnesina, even if &#8220;&lt;em&gt;abandoned [&#8230;] devastated, bent, invaded by weeds [&#8230;] the golden fruits of oranges and cedars always ripened&lt;\/em&gt;&#8220;. &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Among the citrus trees visible today, the giant citron (Citrus medica maxima) stands out, a vigorous plant with an upright habit and an irregular, spiny canopy. It has smaller leaves, elliptic-oblong in shape, with a rounded apex. It is highly productive and ever-flowering, with its main blooms occurring in spring and autumn. It bears large, fragrant white flowers arranged in clusters. The fruits are very large, corrugated, and oblong-pyriform in shape. The skin is very thick and yellow in color.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;An ornamental variant of citron that can be admired in the Villa&#8217;s garden is the so-called &#8220;&lt;em&gt;Buddha&#8217;s hand&lt;\/em&gt;&#8221; (Citrus medica digitata) which produces fruits with &#8220;fingers.&#8221;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Other rare species include the ribbed bitter orange, the &lt;strong&gt;Sweet Lime of Rome&lt;\/strong&gt;, the &lt;strong&gt;Mellarosa lemon&lt;\/strong&gt;, the &lt;strong&gt;Adam&#8217;s Apple&lt;\/strong&gt;, and the &lt;strong&gt;Florentine Citron&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>3<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-573p1-29ac6bc85ac882255329a4b52da689b2 av-image-hotspot-4 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;Farnese Casino&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Before the death of its rightful owner, and before it was purchased by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese in 1579, Villa Farnesina bordered a property of the Farnese family on its south-eastern side. This property had been established in the final years of the fifteenth century, at the expense and by the will of the then Cardinal Alessandro Farnese the Elder, grandfather of the Alessandro Farnese who would later purchase the Villa, and the future Pope Paul III. He found this place very pleasant, thanks to its healthy environment and close contact with nature, and he was accustomed to visiting it daily, even after his ascent to the papal throne, in order to relax and recover from his daily duties.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The property primarily included the building facing Via della Lungara, the so-called &lt;strong&gt;Casino Farnese&lt;\/strong&gt;, now the ticket office and guest house of the Accademia dei Lincei, which underwent significant modifications in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was a &lt;strong&gt;spacious residence&lt;\/strong&gt;, without a loggia or belvedere, featuring architraves and openings distributed in a not entirely symmetrical manner. &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Behind the Casino opened a courtyard, called the &lt;strong&gt;cypress courtyard&lt;\/strong&gt; for the tree planted there by the cardinal on the occasion of his graduation. At the center of the courtyard stood, and is still visible today, a wall fountain surmounted by the Farnese lily. There were also a walled garden adjacent to the cypress courtyard, and a large garden at the back, towards the Tiber, bounded by the city walls.&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>4<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-4la4h-23c16ad73dc0a4e8cb31861515150247 av-image-hotspot-5 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;Strigillated Sarcophagus&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Facing the first clearing of the path surrounded by citrus trees, there is a fountain created at an unknown time by combining two different archaeological artifacts.&lt;br \/&gt;\nA large &lt;strong&gt;sarcophagus&lt;\/strong&gt; has been repurposed as the basin, belonging to the type known as &lt;strong&gt;strigillated sarcophagi&lt;\/strong&gt;, a term derived from the type of &lt;strong&gt;fluted decoration&lt;\/strong&gt; arranged symmetrically on the front, whose wavy pattern recalls the &#8220;&lt;strong&gt;strigil&lt;\/strong&gt;,&#8221; the curved instrument ancient athletes used to cleanse themselves. The front of the sarcophagus is enclosed within an elegant frame (kymation) with ovules and astragals, topped with a pattern of wide trilobed leaves and bordered laterally and below by a braided motif. These decorative elements suggest the sarcophagus dates between the late 3rd and early 4th century AD.  &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The colossal head used as a water spout above the sarcophagus was adapted for this function through the loss of its nose and part of its lips.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The sculpture, documented in the context of the Chigi-Farnese properties since the 17th century, depicts a marine Triton, as revealed by the seaweed crossing the surface of the face. The wavy hair, which descends to cover the neck with short curls, is worked to give the hair a wet effect.&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>5<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-euox-68ec09f5fdd9cb230b54cb80ed3c2711 av-image-hotspot-6 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Secret Garden&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;On the south side of Villa Farnesina was one of the two &#8220;&lt;strong&gt;secret gardens&lt;\/strong&gt;&#8221; that once surrounded the building.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Enclosed by walls, this rectangular space extended to the nearby &lt;strong&gt;Casino Farnese&lt;\/strong&gt;, now the Villa&#8217;s ticket office and guest house of the Accademia dei Lincei. The garden was divided into &lt;strong&gt;geometric flowerbeds&lt;\/strong&gt;, adorned with &lt;strong&gt;flower pergolas&lt;\/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;fruits&lt;\/strong&gt;, with a &lt;strong&gt;central fountain&lt;\/strong&gt;, whose remains are still visible today.  &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;The current appearance of this space is due to a renovation and conservation intervention promoted by the National Academy of Lincei in the early 2000s, aimed at restoring the sixteenth-century spatiality of the secret garden through the placement of yew hedges, which were present in the sixteenth-century garden. The secret garden of Agostino Chigi also contained other species of trees and plants, as well as a &lt;strong&gt;rose garden&lt;\/strong&gt; with many varieties of roses. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>6<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-36yux-4734f5b2f8daad45b9ef8ccb3febbb21 av-image-hotspot-7 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Cesare Pascarella&#8217;s Laurel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The laurel (Laurus nobilis) is an ancient and renowned plant which, in the classical world, symbolised knowledge and glory. It was sacred to Apollo, the solar god and protector of the arts, music and poetry, who was said to wear a laurel wreath after Daphne was transformed into this plant. In the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, a priestess, intoxicated by laurel potions, delivered oracles that dispelled\u2014though not always explicitly\u2014doubts and uncertainties. &lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;This laurel tree was &lt;strong&gt;planted by Cesare Pascarella&lt;\/strong&gt;, a dialect poet, writer, and painter, during the decade (1930-1940) when he was a &lt;strong&gt;member of the Royal Academy of Italy&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>7<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-2o02d-7c8b0559471b2fbd215f827794e21676 av-image-hotspot-8 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Sarcophagus with Winged Victories&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;The section of the &lt;strong&gt;Aurelian Walls&lt;\/strong&gt; present in Villa Farnesina&#8217;s park is &lt;strong&gt;one of the oldest remaining in Rome&lt;\/strong&gt;. Built in &lt;strong&gt;271 AD&lt;\/strong&gt; by order of &lt;strong&gt;Emperor Aurelian&lt;\/strong&gt; with the aim of &lt;strong&gt;stopping the advance of Northern European populations towards the Roman Empire&lt;\/strong&gt;, the Aurelian Walls extended for 19 km and were up to 6.5 meters high. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;This wall circuit connects directly with &lt;strong&gt;Porta Settimiana&lt;\/strong&gt;, which since medieval times opened onto the &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;via sancta&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;, later renamed Via Settimiana by Pope Julius II della Rovere, which &lt;strong&gt;connected Trastevere with the Vatican and St. Peter&#8217;s Basilica&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/span&gt; &lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;The state of preservation allows recognition of various construction phases, evidenced by different building techniques. The base belongs to a possibly eighteenth-century reinforcement intervention and consists of massive masonry of irregular tufa blocks alternating with few bricks and is bordered by a brick cornice. In the upper part, the curtain wall built under Emperor Honorius (by whose order around 403 AD the height of the walls was almost doubled) can be seen, above which some modern masonry repairs can be distinguished that might date back to the pontificate of Pius IX. The left tower, which is preserved in its full height, shows the remains of the protiro that connected the upper maneuvering chamber with the uncovered walkway. The right tower, in worse condition, was inhabited in the nineteenth century by one of Rome&#8217;s public washerwomen, who carried out her activity inside.    &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;What can be observed today in Villa Farnesina&#8217;s gardens is a surviving section of the glorious walls that from 1876 were sectioned and removed to make way for the construction of Lungotevere della Farnesina, considered the first engineering intervention of national scope in the newly formed Kingdom of Italy. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>8<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-20qsp-0a13c7f85a23bc41055f11a26ab7083b av-image-hotspot-9 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Aurelian Walls&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;At the end of the path that branches off to the left of the avenue running along the boundary wall between the garden and the area of the current &lt;em&gt;John Cabot University&lt;\/em&gt;, there is a &lt;strong&gt;rectangular sarcophagus without its lid&lt;\/strong&gt;, on whose front are carved &lt;strong&gt;two winged Victories&lt;\/strong&gt;, with linear and synthetic features. Facing each other in mirror image toward the center, they support a &#8220;&lt;em&gt;tabula ansata&lt;\/em&gt;&#8220;, that is, a plaque with handles, dating to the &lt;em&gt;2nd century AD&lt;\/em&gt;, which bears a Greek inscription with the name of the &lt;strong&gt;Greek freedman&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Marcus Aurelius Giocondo&lt;\/strong&gt; who was buried there.  &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;The Victories are dressed in a tunic that covers the entire body, whose folds follow the movement and flow of air. The feathering of the wings is also rendered with remarkable realism. The faces, in profile, show a simple hairstyle formed by a &#8220;tenia&#8221;, a braided band that follows the forehead and is gathered in a chignon at the nape. The sarcophagus was probably part of &lt;strong&gt;Agostino Chigi&#8217;s collection of antiquities&lt;\/strong&gt;, as reported by some contemporary testimonies.    &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>9<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-1m9ch-2d738d389b5b266455fe8cd7e2b9d48c av-image-hotspot-10 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;Guglielmo Marconi&#8217;s Sequoia Stump&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;A stump of &lt;strong&gt;California sequoia&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;Sequoia &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;sempervirens&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot;&gt;) is what remains after the felling &#8211; in the 1980s, due to wood rot &#8211; of the specimen planted by &lt;strong&gt;Guglielmo Marconi&lt;\/strong&gt; during the seven-year period 1930-1937 (the year of his death) when he was &lt;strong&gt;President of the Royal Academy of Italy&lt;\/strong&gt;, which was then housed in Villa Farnesina. &lt;strong&gt;Marconi took great care of the Villa&#8217;s garden and its plants.&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCXW181137733 BCX0&quot; data-ccp-props=&quot;{&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>10<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot av-x91d-00c8c76d8a14a70c35af90e274a6e99e av-image-hotspot-11 av-close-on-click-tooltip' data-avia-tooltip-position='left' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='top' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-left av-tt-align-top  av-mobile-fallback-active  av-close-on-click-tooltip-single  main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot;&gt;Nymphaeum Fountain&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot;&gt;Continuing along the avenue that runs along the boundary wall between the garden and the area where John Cabot University is now located, there is positioned a sculpture representing a &lt;strong&gt;female figure&lt;\/strong&gt;, covered by drapery that falls only in the lower part of the body, captured in the gesture of supporting a &lt;strong&gt;half-open shell&lt;\/strong&gt;. Despite heavy restoration in the upper part, this is a &lt;strong&gt;work from the Roman period&lt;\/strong&gt; inspired by a well-known Hellenistic sculptural model: the so-called &lt;strong&gt;Aphrodite of Syracuse&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot;&gt;Compared to the original model, however, some significant variations have been introduced, such as the movement of the drapery and the shell basin that transform the goddess of love into a more prosaic sea nymph. The goddess is placed within a &lt;strong&gt;niche that imitates a natural grotto&lt;\/strong&gt;, framed by a stone mosaic. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot; data-contrast=&quot;auto&quot; xml:lang=&quot;IT-IT&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot;&gt;The sculpture could be what remains of a more complex composition, with putti supporting vases as water spouts. In the mid-16th century this ensemble is described as part of the original decoration of the Farnese garden, before the acquisition of the Chigi property, in the famous description of Roman statues compiled in 1556 by the Bolognese naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCXW23872495 BCX0&quot; data-ccp-props=&quot;{}&quot;&gt; &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n'><div class='av-image-hotspot_inner'>11<\/div><div class='av-image-hotspot-pulse'><\/div><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2653 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2653 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci.jpg\" alt='' title='Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci'  height=\"951\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-1030x510.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-768x380.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-1536x761.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-1500x743.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_Giardini_Storci-705x349.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-1 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">1<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"s5\"><span class=\"s8\">Auditorium Building<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"s5\">The Auditorium Building, spread over three floors, is used for offices and conferences by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. <\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\">The building, dating back to the 19th century, was originally dedicated to the charitable work of Queen Margherita of Savoy, providing shelter for single mothers. In the 1930s, it was converted to house the Library of the Royal Academy of Italy, which at that time established its representative headquarters in Villa Farnesina.<\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\"><span class=\"s8\">The renovation project, designed by engineer Giovanni Massari in 1933, involved replacing the floors, creating a storage area for over 50,000 volumes, meeting rooms, offices and a large conference room. At the suggestion of architects Cesare Bazzani and Marcello Piacentini, an apse was added to the north side of the building, transforming the rectangular hall into an auditorium with approximately 250 seats. Hence the name \u201cPalazzina dell&#8217;Auditorio\u201d (Auditorium Building). To facilitate access for scholars, an underground connection to the Villa was also built.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\"><span class=\"s8\">The building perpetuates the ancient stables of Agostino Chigi commissioned to Raphael the architect, known only through drawings and structured in three naves with a staircase at the rear. All that remains of this construction are the plinth, the pedestals, the bases of the pilasters and part of the walls, once used as stables. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-2 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">2<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3>Courtyard of the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche<\/h3>\n<p>The Villa Farnesina was perfectly suited to accommodate gardens \u2013 so much so that in the 16th century it was called the \u201cPalace of Gardens\u201d \u2013 also from an architectural point of view, with the two projecting wings that define the north fa\u00e7ade and frame the Loggia of Cupid and Psyche.<\/p>\n<p>Here, on the vault frescoed in 1518 by Giovanni da Udine, pupil of Raphael Sanzio, 170 species of <strong>fruits<\/strong> and <strong>flowers<\/strong> are recognized, symbols of <strong>prosperity<\/strong> and <strong>love<\/strong>, conceived as a continuum with the exterior, rich in botanical varieties that came from the Mediterranean and from then exotic lands, even from the <strong>New World<\/strong>, testifying to the vast resources and relationships of the banker <strong>Agostino Chigi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The small courtyard of the Loggia, <strong>enclosed by walls<\/strong>, had the characteristics of the <strong>secret garden<\/strong>, like the other in the opposite section, at the south entrance of the villa. The two secret gardens, called <strong>Horti conclusi<\/strong>, inspired by the ancient <em>Roman vignae<\/em> and monastery cloisters, <strong>intimate refuges in nature and silence<\/strong> according to the ideal of the <em>locus amoenus<\/em>, were created between 1506 and 1511. <\/p>\n<p>This courtyard, with a <strong>central fountain<\/strong> (not original), was fed by an <strong>ingenious water system that exploited the water of the Tiber<\/strong>, the result of the mastery of engineers working together with architect Baldassarre Peruzzi. The space had been conceived as a &#8220;<em>theater of greenery<\/em>&#8221; for staging theatrical performances, a &#8220;<em>container<\/em>&#8221; in which to position scenography facing the palace which thus became the stage and backdrop of the performances.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-3 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">3<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3>Citrus Collection<\/h3>\n<p>Citrus fruits have always constituted the <strong>main arboreal wealth of the viridarium<\/strong> and their presence has remained constant over the centuries. Still at the end of the nineteenth century, Pierre Fremont, protagonist of the novel Rome by French writer \u00c9mile Zola, recounts that in the garden of the Farnesina, even if &#8220;<em>abandoned [&#8230;] devastated, bent, invaded by weeds [&#8230;] the golden fruits of oranges and cedars always ripened<\/em>&#8220;. <\/p>\n<p>Among the citrus trees visible today, the giant citron (Citrus medica maxima) stands out, a vigorous plant with an upright habit and an irregular, spiny canopy. It has smaller leaves, elliptic-oblong in shape, with a rounded apex. It is highly productive and ever-flowering, with its main blooms occurring in spring and autumn. It bears large, fragrant white flowers arranged in clusters. The fruits are very large, corrugated, and oblong-pyriform in shape. The skin is very thick and yellow in color.<\/p>\n<p>An ornamental variant of citron that can be admired in the Villa&#8217;s garden is the so-called &#8220;<em>Buddha&#8217;s hand<\/em>&#8221; (Citrus medica digitata) which produces fruits with &#8220;fingers.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Other rare species include the ribbed bitter orange, the <strong>Sweet Lime of Rome<\/strong>, the <strong>Mellarosa lemon<\/strong>, the <strong>Adam&#8217;s Apple<\/strong>, and the <strong>Florentine Citron<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-4 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">4<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3>Farnese Casino<\/h3>\n<p>Before the death of its rightful owner, and before it was purchased by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese in 1579, Villa Farnesina bordered a property of the Farnese family on its south-eastern side. This property had been established in the final years of the fifteenth century, at the expense and by the will of the then Cardinal Alessandro Farnese the Elder, grandfather of the Alessandro Farnese who would later purchase the Villa, and the future Pope Paul III. He found this place very pleasant, thanks to its healthy environment and close contact with nature, and he was accustomed to visiting it daily, even after his ascent to the papal throne, in order to relax and recover from his daily duties.<\/p>\n<p>The property primarily included the building facing Via della Lungara, the so-called <strong>Casino Farnese<\/strong>, now the ticket office and guest house of the Accademia dei Lincei, which underwent significant modifications in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was a <strong>spacious residence<\/strong>, without a loggia or belvedere, featuring architraves and openings distributed in a not entirely symmetrical manner. <\/p>\n<p>Behind the Casino opened a courtyard, called the <strong>cypress courtyard<\/strong> for the tree planted there by the cardinal on the occasion of his graduation. At the center of the courtyard stood, and is still visible today, a wall fountain surmounted by the Farnese lily. There were also a walled garden adjacent to the cypress courtyard, and a large garden at the back, towards the Tiber, bounded by the city walls.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-5 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">5<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3>Strigillated Sarcophagus<\/h3>\n<p>Facing the first clearing of the path surrounded by citrus trees, there is a fountain created at an unknown time by combining two different archaeological artifacts.<br \/>\nA large <strong>sarcophagus<\/strong> has been repurposed as the basin, belonging to the type known as <strong>strigillated sarcophagi<\/strong>, a term derived from the type of <strong>fluted decoration<\/strong> arranged symmetrically on the front, whose wavy pattern recalls the &#8220;<strong>strigil<\/strong>,&#8221; the curved instrument ancient athletes used to cleanse themselves. The front of the sarcophagus is enclosed within an elegant frame (kymation) with ovules and astragals, topped with a pattern of wide trilobed leaves and bordered laterally and below by a braided motif. These decorative elements suggest the sarcophagus dates between the late 3rd and early 4th century AD.  <\/p>\n<p>The colossal head used as a water spout above the sarcophagus was adapted for this function through the loss of its nose and part of its lips.<\/p>\n<p>The sculpture, documented in the context of the Chigi-Farnese properties since the 17th century, depicts a marine Triton, as revealed by the seaweed crossing the surface of the face. The wavy hair, which descends to cover the neck with short curls, is worked to give the hair a wet effect.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-6 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">6<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Secret Garden<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On the south side of Villa Farnesina was one of the two &#8220;<strong>secret gardens<\/strong>&#8221; that once surrounded the building.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Enclosed by walls, this rectangular space extended to the nearby <strong>Casino Farnese<\/strong>, now the Villa&#8217;s ticket office and guest house of the Accademia dei Lincei. The garden was divided into <strong>geometric flowerbeds<\/strong>, adorned with <strong>flower pergolas<\/strong> and <strong>fruits<\/strong>, with a <strong>central fountain<\/strong>, whose remains are still visible today.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The current appearance of this space is due to a renovation and conservation intervention promoted by the National Academy of Lincei in the early 2000s, aimed at restoring the sixteenth-century spatiality of the secret garden through the placement of yew hedges, which were present in the sixteenth-century garden. The secret garden of Agostino Chigi also contained other species of trees and plants, as well as a <strong>rose garden<\/strong> with many varieties of roses. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-7 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">7<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cesare Pascarella&#8217;s Laurel<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The laurel (Laurus nobilis) is an ancient and renowned plant which, in the classical world, symbolised knowledge and glory. It was sacred to Apollo, the solar god and protector of the arts, music and poetry, who was said to wear a laurel wreath after Daphne was transformed into this plant. In the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, a priestess, intoxicated by laurel potions, delivered oracles that dispelled\u2014though not always explicitly\u2014doubts and uncertainties. <span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This laurel tree was <strong>planted by Cesare Pascarella<\/strong>, a dialect poet, writer, and painter, during the decade (1930-1940) when he was a <strong>member of the Royal Academy of Italy<\/strong>.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-8 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">8<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sarcophagus with Winged Victories<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The section of the <strong>Aurelian Walls<\/strong> present in Villa Farnesina&#8217;s park is <strong>one of the oldest remaining in Rome<\/strong>. Built in <strong>271 AD<\/strong> by order of <strong>Emperor Aurelian<\/strong> with the aim of <strong>stopping the advance of Northern European populations towards the Roman Empire<\/strong>, the Aurelian Walls extended for 19 km and were up to 6.5 meters high. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This wall circuit connects directly with <strong>Porta Settimiana<\/strong>, which since medieval times opened onto the <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">via sancta<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, later renamed Via Settimiana by Pope Julius II della Rovere, which <strong>connected Trastevere with the Vatican and St. Peter&#8217;s Basilica<\/strong>.<\/span> <span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The state of preservation allows recognition of various construction phases, evidenced by different building techniques. The base belongs to a possibly eighteenth-century reinforcement intervention and consists of massive masonry of irregular tufa blocks alternating with few bricks and is bordered by a brick cornice. In the upper part, the curtain wall built under Emperor Honorius (by whose order around 403 AD the height of the walls was almost doubled) can be seen, above which some modern masonry repairs can be distinguished that might date back to the pontificate of Pius IX. The left tower, which is preserved in its full height, shows the remains of the protiro that connected the upper maneuvering chamber with the uncovered walkway. The right tower, in worse condition, was inhabited in the nineteenth century by one of Rome&#8217;s public washerwomen, who carried out her activity inside.    <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What can be observed today in Villa Farnesina&#8217;s gardens is a surviving section of the glorious walls that from 1876 were sectioned and removed to make way for the construction of Lungotevere della Farnesina, considered the first engineering intervention of national scope in the newly formed Kingdom of Italy. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-9 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">9<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Aurelian Walls<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">At the end of the path that branches off to the left of the avenue running along the boundary wall between the garden and the area of the current <em>John Cabot University<\/em>, there is a <strong>rectangular sarcophagus without its lid<\/strong>, on whose front are carved <strong>two winged Victories<\/strong>, with linear and synthetic features. Facing each other in mirror image toward the center, they support a &#8220;<em>tabula ansata<\/em>&#8220;, that is, a plaque with handles, dating to the <em>2nd century AD<\/em>, which bears a Greek inscription with the name of the <strong>Greek freedman<\/strong> <strong>Marcus Aurelius Giocondo<\/strong> who was buried there.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Victories are dressed in a tunic that covers the entire body, whose folds follow the movement and flow of air. The feathering of the wings is also rendered with remarkable realism. The faces, in profile, show a simple hairstyle formed by a &#8220;tenia&#8221;, a braided band that follows the forehead and is gathered in a chignon at the nape. The sarcophagus was probably part of <strong>Agostino Chigi&#8217;s collection of antiquities<\/strong>, as reported by some contemporary testimonies.    <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-10 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">10<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\">Guglielmo Marconi&#8217;s Sequoia Stump<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\">A stump of <strong>California sequoia<\/strong> <em>(<\/em><\/span><\/span><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\">Sequoia <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW181137733 BCX0\">sempervirens<\/span><\/span><\/em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW181137733 BCX0\">) is what remains after the felling &#8211; in the 1980s, due to wood rot &#8211; of the specimen planted by <strong>Guglielmo Marconi<\/strong> during the seven-year period 1930-1937 (the year of his death) when he was <strong>President of the Royal Academy of Italy<\/strong>, which was then housed in Villa Farnesina. <strong>Marconi took great care of the Villa&#8217;s garden and its plants.<\/strong> <\/span><\/span> <span class=\"EOP SCXW181137733 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class='av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip av-image-hotspot-11 av-close-on-click-tooltip'><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-count\">11<div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-hotspot-fallback-tooltip-inner clearfix\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\">Nymphaeum Fountain<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\">Continuing along the avenue that runs along the boundary wall between the garden and the area where John Cabot University is now located, there is positioned a sculpture representing a <strong>female figure<\/strong>, covered by drapery that falls only in the lower part of the body, captured in the gesture of supporting a <strong>half-open shell<\/strong>. Despite heavy restoration in the upper part, this is a <strong>work from the Roman period<\/strong> inspired by a well-known Hellenistic sculptural model: the so-called <strong>Aphrodite of Syracuse<\/strong>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\">Compared to the original model, however, some significant variations have been introduced, such as the movement of the drapery and the shell basin that transform the goddess of love into a more prosaic sea nymph. The goddess is placed within a <strong>niche that imitates a natural grotto<\/strong>, framed by a stone mosaic. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\" lang=\"IT-IT\" data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"IT-IT\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW23872495 BCX0\">The sculpture could be what remains of a more complex composition, with putti supporting vases as water spouts. In the mid-16th century this ensemble is described as part of the original decoration of the Farnese garden, before the acquisition of the Chigi property, in the famous description of Roman statues compiled in 1556 by the Bolognese naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW23872495 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-129qx-21addf9e11fc160ed46206c5e0ff7627\">\n#top .flex_column.av-129qx-21addf9e11fc160ed46206c5e0ff7627{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-129qx-21addf9e11fc160ed46206c5e0ff7627{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-129qx-21addf9e11fc160ed46206c5e0ff7627 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-51  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" 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https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview-705x705.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_preview.jpg 1080w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-13' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-13' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-13'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-13'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2654 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2654 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1024\" height=\"778\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-705x536.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-705x536.jpg 705w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-14' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-14' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-14'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-14'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2655 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2655 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1030x579.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_02.jpg 1920w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-15' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-15' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-15'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-15'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2656 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2656 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1030x579.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_03.jpg 1920w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: 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src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1030x579.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_storici_04.jpg 1920w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-17' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-17' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-17'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-17'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 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https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-705x705.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1079px) 100vw, 1079px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-1030x1030.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02-705x705.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_02.jpg 1079w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-18' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-18' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-18'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-18'>Open image in lightbox: Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens<\/desc>\r\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\r\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><div class=\"av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-2658 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2658 av-horizontal-gallery-img' width=\"1079\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.villafarnesina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Villa_Farnesina_giardini_04.jpg\" title='Villa Farnesina&#039;s historacal gardens' alt='' 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